Irony in the Divine Response to Job

The interrogation by Scott Xu of the ironic motifs in the divine response to Job offers a new understanding of the Book of Job’s questions surrounding suffering. Xu offers a thorough investigation and analysis of the different levels and aspects of irony in Job, particularly in the closing chapters (Job 38–42). The use of irony, Xu proposes, is designed to respond to the key issue in Job that has plagued readers and scholars over the ages, namely that of innocent suffering.

Prior to this monograph, there has been no in-depth study of irony, beyond at a verbal level; nor had the book’s theological concerns—in relation to irony—been sufficiently addressed. Nearly a century of Joban scholarship on irony demonstrates a growing literary appreciation of the book of Job, but leaves much to be desired such as methodological uniformity. A survey of previous studies on irony in the book of Job is conducted and critical gaps are identified. A sophisticated framework of irony is established and then applied to the divine speeches and the Epilogue.

The result of this analysis is the discovery that the Book of Job can be understood as suggesting that an innocent sufferer can have a positive understanding of their suffering as well as of their relation with the divine. Fundamental to this interpretation is the revelation of a God who responds to the issue of innocent suffering in ingenious ways, whose pride cannot be threatened, but who nevertheless identifies with the human situation and is even capable of self-irony. In conclusion, the completed interpretive lens that is offered enables the reader to see irony itself as the divine response to the issue of innocent suffering.