From Qumran to Jude: A History of Social Crisis at Qumran and in Early Jewish Christianity
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Many have noted the Qumran-like language of Jude. Chris Armitage provides a detailed comparative consideration of the similarities between Jude and the Dead Sea Scrolls peshers in the Hebrew Bible. The writers, in each of these texts, frequently appeal to examples of eschatological punishment for deviant theology and conduct, from the Hebrew Bible.
Many have noted the Qumran-like language of Jude. Chris Armitage provides a detailed comparative consideration of the similarities between Jude and the Dead Sea Scrolls peshers in the Hebrew Bible. The writers, in each of these texts, frequently appeal to examples of eschatological punishment for deviant theology and conduct, from the Hebrew Bible.
This study delves systematically into Jude’s use of pesher technique—appropriating a Hebrew Bible example of deviant teaching and behaviour and its eschatological consequences and applying it to the present—and shows, across the divide of Koine Greek and Classical Hebrew, that this is same technique as found in the Dead Sea Scrolls.
Armitage infers that similar socio-theological crises faced Jude’s and the Qumran community, requiring each to generate literature containing purity and pollution rhetoric, derived from remodelling Hebrew Bible predictions of eschatological punishment to fit its own time, in order to ensure internal solidarity.
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table of contents | Introduction Preliminary remarks The Letter of Jude A Sociological Approach Jude’s Historical Background (i) Destination (ii) Authorship and Date (iii) Jude’s opponents Historical Background of Some Qumran Texts (i) Identity and Dating (ii) Some Possible Parallels (iii) A Further Note of Caution Methodology of this Study Chapter 1 JUDE 1-4 AND QUMRAN Introduction Jude 1-2: Opening and some Qumran Parallels Jude 3-4: Occasion of the Letter and some Qumran Parallels A Sociological Approach Conclusion Chapter 2 JUDE 5-10 AND QUMRAN Introduction Jude 5-7: Three OT Types and some Qumran Parallels Jude 8-10: Interpretation and some Qumran Parallels A Sociological Approach Conclusion Chapter 3 JUDE 11-16 AND QUMRAN Introduction Jude 11: Three More OT Types and some Qumran Parallels Jude 12-13: Interpretation Jude 14-15: The Prophecy of Enoch Jude 16: Interpretation A Sociological Approach Conclusion Chapter 4 JUDE 17-19 AND QUMRAN Introduction Jude 17-18: The Prophecy of the Apostles and some Qumran Parallels Jude 19: Interpretation A Sociological Approach Conclusion Chapter 5 JUDE 20-25 AND QUMRAN Introduction Jude 20-23: Jude’s Appeal to his Audience Jude 24-25: Closing Doxology A Sociological Approach Conclusion Chapter 6 CONCLUSIONS Introduction The Torah in Ancient Judaism Religious and Moral Regulation at Qumran Purity and Pollution in Ancient Judaism Purity and Pollution at Qumran Religious and Moral Regulation in Jude Purity and Pollution in Jude A Sociological Approach Conclusions |
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